Audiometric testing, commonly referred to as an audiogram, is one of the most important tools in occupational health. It measures an individual’s hearing ability across a range of sound frequencies and is essential for identifying early signs of hearing loss. In the workplace, particularly in industries where noise exposure is significant, audiograms form the foundation of a comprehensive hearing conservation program. By tracking results over time, employers can take proactive steps to reduce noise exposure, implement protective measures, and maintain compliance with OSHA standards.
The audiogram test itself is simple and noninvasive. The employee wears calibrated headphones in a quiet booth and listens for tones at various pitches and volumes. They indicate when they can hear the sound, and the audiometer records the lowest intensity that the person can detect at each frequency. These results are plotted on a graph showing hearing thresholds, and the chart provides a clear visual comparison between an employee’s baseline and subsequent annual results.
The baseline audiogram is especially critical. It serves as the reference point for all future tests, ideally performed before an employee is exposed to occupational noise. Any future changes in hearing levels are measured against this original baseline. A shift in hearing thresholds, known as a Standard Threshold Shift (STS), signals potential hearing damage, prompting further evaluation and intervention.
Periodic or annual audiograms are required under OSHA’s hearing conservation standard for employees exposed to average noise levels of 85 decibels or greater during an 8-hour shift. These follow-up tests help determine whether protective measures are effective and whether additional steps are needed to reduce risk. Employers who maintain consistent annual testing demonstrate both compliance and a commitment to their employees’ long-term well-being.
Whisper testing, although more basic, is sometimes used as a preliminary or screening method in environments without access to formal audiometric equipment. During a whisper test, an examiner stands a set distance behind the employee and whispers a series of letters, numbers, or words. The individual repeats what they hear, and the results help indicate whether a formal audiogram may be needed. While whisper testing lacks the precision of an audiometer, it can still identify obvious hearing deficits and serves as a practical tool for quick assessments in non-clinical settings.
Audiometric surveillance programs, often called hearing conservation or audio surveillance programs, encompass far more than just testing. They are systematic processes that include baseline and annual testing, employee education, noise exposure monitoring, use of hearing protection devices, and follow-up procedures for abnormal results. These programs are essential in manufacturing, construction, transportation, and other noise-intensive industries.
A strong surveillance program not only helps prevent hearing loss but also protects employers from regulatory penalties and potential liability claims. OSHA requires employers to maintain detailed records of audiometric results and exposure levels, and to notify employees within 21 days if a Standard Threshold Shift occurs. Proper documentation ensures compliance and supports workplace safety audits or workers’ compensation claims.
Education is another vital component. Employees who understand the risks of prolonged noise exposure are more likely to wear hearing protection consistently and correctly. Many programs include annual training sessions to reinforce the importance of protective measures, explain how to use earplugs or earmuffs, and review the results of company-wide noise assessments.
Audiometric testing also plays a valuable role beyond compliance. It helps employers identify problematic machinery, evaluate the effectiveness of engineering controls, and track environmental noise trends over time. Data from repeated tests can guide decisions about equipment replacement, facility layout, and personal protective equipment (PPE) policies.
For healthcare providers and occupational health partners such as WorkingWell, audiometric testing represents an opportunity to build long-term preventive care relationships with employers. Regular hearing surveillance fits naturally into broader wellness and occupational health strategies that may include respiratory testing, vision screening, and workplace ergonomics evaluations.
In small or lower-risk environments, a simplified version of an audio surveillance program may still offer value. Even when noise levels fall below regulatory thresholds, voluntary testing can identify early non-occupational hearing loss and support employee health initiatives. Early detection allows for interventions that improve both safety and quality of life.
From a business perspective, hearing conservation programs can reduce lost productivity, decrease workers’ compensation claims, and demonstrate corporate responsibility. Employees with untreated hearing loss may struggle with communication, concentration, and awareness of hazards, which can directly impact safety and performance. Maintaining healthy hearing contributes to a safer, more efficient, and engaged workforce.
Modern occupational health programs are increasingly integrating digital audiometers, mobile testing units, and electronic health record systems that make testing faster, easier, and more reliable. These advancements allow employers to maintain compliance with minimal disruption to operations while improving data accuracy and record management.
Ultimately, audiograms, whisper testing, and comprehensive surveillance programs form a critical part of occupational health. They reflect a proactive approach to preserving one of the most essential senses—hearing. When employers prioritize hearing conservation, they not only protect employees but also promote a culture of care, safety, and long-term wellness across the organization.